| SALERNO | Port city of southern Italy in which Europe's first medical school was founded in the 9th century (7) |
| ETON | Which English school was founded in 1440 by Henry VI? (4) |
| TARANTISM | Epidemic of hysterical dancing that affected southern Italy in the 15th to 17th century (9) |
| VEZELAY | This French village lies on a hill on the left bank of the Cure River. Its history is tied to its Benedictine abbey, founded in the 9th century. The abbey attracted pilgrims because the supposed remai |
| GRIMSBY | British city on the Humber estuary in Lincolnshire, founded by Vikings in the 9th Century (7) |
| TUNISIA | According to Greek legend, Dido founded the city of Carthage in this country in the 9th century BCE. That city is now a suburb of the country's capital. |
| ARABICA | Oldest cultivated variety of the coffee bean, supposedly discovered by Ethiopian goatherd Kaldi in the 9th century (7) |
| PADUA | It was a centre of art and literature in the Middle Ages. The poet Dante lived there, and St. Anthony is buried there. Its university was founded in the 13th century. The Taming of the Shrew is set t |
| NAVARRE | Former kingdom in S.W. Europe established in the 9th century (7) |
| EXPLOSIVE | Gunpowder, in use by the 9th century in China and the 13th century in the West, was the first known |
| SAMARIA | Ancient town, made the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel by Omri in the ninth century BC (7) |
| GENOA | Port city of NW Italy in which the explorer Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 (5) |
| COFFEE | Plant related to lady's bedstraw and gardenia with beans or cherries whose energising effect was first discovered by goatherd Kaldi in the 9th century, according to legend (6) |
| PFENNIG | Which German coin or note existed from the 9th Century until the introduction of the Euro in 2002? (7) |
| MAYA | Member of an ancient Mexican civilization that reached its peak in the 9th century |
| ARLINGTON | County of Virginia where the US National Cemetery was founded in the 19th century (9) |
| ASTRONOMER | Observer of the stars' movements like Caroline Herschel in the nineteenth century or Al-Battani in the ninth |
| CYRILLIC | Slavic alphabet derived from Greek in the 9th century, used for Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian etc. (8) |
| PISA | City of Tuscany, west central Italy, in which Galileo Galilei was born in 1564 (4) |
| MODENA | City of northern Italy in which balsamic vinegar originated and was first named as such c. 1747 (6) |
