| CARMINE | Vivid red pigment obtained from the scale insect cochineal (Dactylopius coccus), used in food as the additive E120 (7) |
| MIMI | La Boheme role repeated note from the scale (4) |
| SORBITOL | Sugar alcohol first discovered in the berries of the mountain ash in 1872; used in food as the sweetener E420 (8) |
| LYCOPENE | Red carotenoid pigment chiefly occurring in tomatoes, used in food as the colouring E160d (8) |
| THAUMATIN | Sweet-tasting low-calorie protein obtained from the African fruit Thaumatococcus daniellii, used in food as the sweetener E957 (9) |
| SHELLAC | Resin secreted by the Asian insect Kerria lacca, used in food as the glazing agent E904 (7) |
| SACCHARIN | Artificial sweetener discovered by Ira Remsen and Constantin Fahlberg in 1879, used in food as the additive E954 (9) |
| SEPIA | Reddish-brown pigment obtained from the ink sac of the cuttlefish, historically used in painting (5) |
| XYLITOL | Crystalline artificial sweetener derived from wood sugar, used in foods as the additive E967 (7) |
| GAMBOGE | Dark yellow pigment obtained from the gum resin of certain trees of South-east Asia (7) |
| HING | This pungent smelling spice is used in food as a condiment (Hindi spelling) |
| LAMPBLACK | Carboniferous pigment obtained from soot used in making printer's ink (9) |
| GARNET | From "cochineal" or "pomegranate", a gemstone coloured red, like the aforesaid dye or the said fruit's aril (6) |
| COCHINEAL | Carmine dye derived from scale insects - traditionally the pink in coconut ice |
| LAKE | Excess of wine; body of water such as Windermere; or, a pigment rendered insoluble or one derived from madder or cochineal (4) |
| SIENNA | Pigment obtained from earth (6) |
| ULTRAMARINE | A brilliant deep blue pigment obtained from lapis lazuli |
| KERMESOAK | Low-growing Mediterranean shrub on which female coccus insects feed, producing a red dyestuff (6,3) |
| MEALYBUG | Plant-eating scale insect, often regarded as a pest (8) |
| RESIN | Exudation obtained from some scale insects |
